The world in 2031 (projected)
For 1 January 2031, the UN projects 8.6 billion people alive, and 134 million births and 69 million deaths during the year.
That is 333 million more people than in 2026.
The median age is 32.2. 23% of the people are under 15 and 12% are 65 or older.
Life expectancy at birth is 74.5 years, and women have 2.2 children on average at that year’s rates.
Countries with more than 100 million people: 16.
Figures for 2031 are UN projections (medium variant). Estimates end in 2023.
- Population, 1 January 2031
- 8,601,839,760
- Median age
- 32.2
- Births in 2031
- 133,513,402
- Deaths in 2031
- 68,954,190
- Life expectancy at birth
- 74.5
- Children per woman
- 2.19
- Under 15
- 22.7%
- 65 and over
- 11.9%
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The most populous countries
| Country | Population | Under 15 | 65 and over |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | 1,530,921,800 | 22.2% | 8.7% |
| China | 1,396,026,459 | 11.8% | 18.8% |
| United States | 356,443,631 | 16.2% | 20.5% |
| Indonesia | 296,810,902 | 22.3% | 9.1% |
| Pakistan | 279,186,862 | 34.0% | 4.8% |
| Nigeria | 264,896,308 | 37.8% | 3.2% |
| Brazil | 216,342,388 | 17.8% | 13.9% |
| Bangladesh | 187,064,321 | 26.1% | 7.7% |
| Ethiopia | 154,616,300 | 37.5% | 3.7% |
| Russia | 141,689,437 | 14.8% | 19.9% |
Development and urbanisation
| Indicator | Latest value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Living in cities | 45.7% | 2031, projected |
| People using the internet | none observed | – |
| Access to electricity | none observed | – |
| Adult literacy (ages 15 and over) | none observed | – |
| none observed | – | |
| none observed | – | |
| none observed | – | |
| Human Development Index | none observed | – |
Values observed in 2031, or in the closest earlier year within five years, shown with that year. The share in cities is a UN estimate to 2025 and a projection after. Sources: World Bank WDI, UNDP HDR, UN WUP 2025.
Sources: World Population Prospects 2024, UN DESA Population Division (CC BY 3.0 IGO).