Poland: population and ages

In mid-1950 there were 24.8 million people, so the population is now 1.5 times as large.

The UN projects 283,000 births and 419,000 deaths in 2026, 136,000 more deaths than births.

Deaths have outnumbered births every year since 2018.

The median age is 43.0, which is 11.9 years above the world’s 31.1.

14% of the people are under 15 and 21% are 65 or older (world: 24% and 11%).

People aged 65 and over have outnumbered children under 15 since 2015.

Women have 1.3 children on average at today’s rates (world: 2.2), against 3.7 in 1950.

Life expectancy at birth is 79.2 years, above the world’s 73.8. In 1950 it was 58.3.

For mid-2050 the UN projects 32.8 million people, 13% fewer than now, with a median age of 51.8.

By the death rates of 2023, life expectancy at birth was 78.6 years. People who had reached 65 could expect 20.5 more years for women and 16.4 for men.

On 1 January 2026, there are 32.6 people aged 65 or more for every 100 aged 15 to 64. For 2050, the UN projects 55.2.

For 2100 the UN projects a population of 19.3 million, with a 95 percent prediction interval of 11.5 million to 28.5 million.

Life expectancy at birth is a period measure. It sums up the death rates of one year and is not a forecast of how long the babies born that year will live.

In mid-2024, 1.74 million international migrants lived here, 4.5% of the population.

In mid-2024, 4.57 million people from here lived in other countries.